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A British government agency has claimed that the nation's garbage is an untapped gold mine that's potentially worth over $4.5 billion. The Local Government Association's (LGA) review on Britain's waste disposal, 'Wealth from Waste', says local governments could earn billions by 2020 to provide better services to residents. The study outlines how the scheme could additionally create over 50,000 jobs by expanding the household recycling sector. LGA executive Clyde Loakes said: "There is clearly wealth in waste. The UK's waste and recycling sector is currently worth around £11 billion and growing at twice the rate of the rest of the economy, but there is so much more we could do to make the most of this booming industry."
The UK produces over 26 million tonnes of rubbish every year. The LGA is urging the country to fully exploit a resource that currently ends up in landfills. The report reads: "Taxpayers will be better off, the economy will benefit, and more people will have jobs if we grow our domestic market for collecting, sorting and reprocessing recycling. Landfilling waste costs a lot of money; burning it is still expensive; recycling actually brings in cash for the taxpayer and we owe it to today's hard-pressed taxpayers to get as much of their money back as possible." It adds: "There is wealth in waste. It is time to take the lid off the dustbin debate and raise the sights of government…from the kerbside to the global economic race."
| a) | What do you think of the amount of garbage you throw away? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| b) | How wasteful are you / is your country? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| c) | Is it a sin to waste things? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| d) | Have you ever taken something from the garbage? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| e) | What things do you hate throwing away? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| f) | What's wrong with landfills and incinerating garbage? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| g) | What would happen if the law said we had to recycle everything? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| h) | How is it best to recycle a computer? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| i) | Why does the report say it is a "global economic race"? | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| j) | Have you ever put something in the rubbish by mistake? Short video on Hawaii:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9eefyztmaII Hawaii Hit by Great Plastic Garbage Patch (26th April, 2010)
The BBC has just reported on the damage the Great Pacific Garbage Patch is doing. Tons of plastic is washing up on the beaches of Hawaii. This island chain is world famous for having some of the world’s most beautiful beaches. The very name ‘Hawaii’ conjures up images of paradise islands. No longer. The BBC’s presenter Simon Reeve says Kamilo Beach on the island of Hawaii has been described as “the world’s dirtiest beach”. He went on a tour of the remote beach with a local conservationist. They analysed what was on the beach and found more plastic particles than grains of sand. A Wikipedia search confirms the beach’s new status. The website says, “it is known for its accumulation of plastic marine debris from the Great Pacific Garbage Patch”.
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A suffix is a group of letters placed at the end of a word to make a new word. A suffix can make a new word in one of two ways:
- inflectional (grammatical): for example, changing singular to plural (dog > dogs), or changing present tense to past tense (walk > walked). In this case, the basic meaning of the word does not change.
- derivational (the new word has a new meaning, "derived" from the original word): for example, teach > teacher or care > careful
Inflectional suffixes
Inflectional suffixes do not change the meaning of the original word. So in "Every day I walk to school" and "Yesterday I walked to school", the words walk and walked have the same basic meaning. In "I have one car" and "I have two cars", the basic meaning of the words car and cars is exactly the same. In these cases, the suffix is added simply for grammatical "correctness". Look at these examples:
| suffix | grammatical change | example original word | example suffixed word |
| -s | plural | dog | dogs |
| -en | plural (irregular) | ox | oxen |
| -s | 3rd person singular present | like | he likes |
| -ed | past tense past participle | work | he worked he has worked |
| -en | past participle (irregular) | eat | he has eaten |
| -ing | continuous/progressive | sleep | he is sleeping |
| -er | comparative | big | bigger |
| -est | superlative | big | the biggest |
Derivational suffixes
With derivational suffixes, the new word has a new meaning, and is usually a different part of speech. But the new meaning is related to the old meaning - it is "derived" from the old meaning.
We can add more than one suffix, as in this example:
derive (verb) + tion = derivation (noun) + al = derivational (adjective)
There are several hundred derivational suffixes. Here are some of the more common ones:
| suffix | making | example original word | example suffixed word |
| -ation | nouns | explore hesitate | exploration hesitation |
| -sion | persuade divide | persuasion division | |
| -er | teach | teacher | |
| -cian | music | musician | |
| -ess | god | goddess | |
| -ness | sad | sadness | |
| -al | arrive | arrival | |
| -ary | diction | dictionary | |
| -ment | treat | treatment | |
| -y | jealous victor | jealousy victory | |
| -al | adjectives | accident | accidental |
| -ary | imagine | imaginary | |
| -able | tax | taxable | |
| -ly | brother | brotherly | |
| -y | ease | easy | |
| -ful | sorrow forget | sorrowful forgetful | |
| -ly | adverbs | helpful | helpfully |
| -ize | verbs | terror private | terrorize privatize |
| -ate | hyphen | hyphenate |
Note that the suffix -er can convert almost any verb into the person or thing performing the action of the verb. For example: a teacher is a person who teaches, a lover loves, a killer kills, an observer observes, a walker walks, a runner runs; a sprinkler is a thing that sprinkles, a copier copies, a shredder shreds.
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